对于重复使用而且复杂的参数值，可以定义变量引用，便于管理和修改，也可以创建文件存放变量，引用变量文件即可

示例如下

[[email protected] ansible]# tree .

.

├── ansible.cfg

├── backup

│   └── backup.sh

├── hosts

├── roles

├── vars ============>存放变量的目录

│   └── httpd.yml =========>存放变量的文件

└── work ===========================>工作目录

├── apache_config_1.yml

├── apache_config.yml

├── apache_create.yml

├── apache_remove.yml

变量写法要主要格式和缩进

[[email protected] ansible]# cat vars/httpd.yml

#apache vars

apache:

conf: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

vhost: /etc/httpd/vhost

引用方法：

"{{apache.conf}}"

如下方式创建apache的虚拟主机：

需要注意的是对同一文件多次blockin时，marker很重要，否则会覆盖上次插入的内容

[[email protected] ansible]# cat work/apache_config.yml

---

• hosts: jack6-2

  remote_user: root

  vars_files:

  • /etc/ansible/vars/httpd.yml

    tasks:

  • name: insert line

    blockinfile:

    path: "{{apache.conf}}"

    block: "Listen 8888\nInclude vhost/*.conf"

    insertafter: EOF

    marker: "#{mark} 8888"

  • name: cat

    shell: grep ^Include {{apache.conf}}

  • name: DocumentRoot

    file:

    path: "{{apache.droot}}"

    state: directory

  • name: insert block

    blockinfile:

    path: "{{apache.vconf}}"

    block: "<VirtualHost *:8888>\n\tDocumentRoot /data/www/html\n\tServerName myvhost.com\n\t<Directory /data/www/html>\n\t\tAllowOverride None\n\t\tRequire all granted\n\t\tSatisfy Any\n\t\tOrder allow,deny\n\t\tAllow from all\n\t</Directory>\n</VirtualHost>"

    insertbefore: BOF

    backup: yes

    notify: reload_httpd

  • meta: flush_handlers
  • name: insert content

    blockinfile:

    path: "{{apache.vhtml}}"

    block: "Hello my bro! Welcome to My Website."

    insertbefore: BOF

    create: yes

    marker: "#{mark} WHAT FCK"

    backup: yes

  handlers:

  • name: reload_httpd

    service:

    name: httpd

    state: reloaded

###########################################################################

当我们需要使用testvar1的变量值时，则需要引用这个变量，如你所见，使用"{{变量名}}"可以引用对应的变量。

也可以定义多个变量，示例如下。

Shell

vars:

testvar1: testfile

testvar2: testfile2

1

2

3

vars:

testvar1: testfile

testvar2: testfile2

除了使用上述语法，使用YAML的块序列语法也可以定义变量，示例如下

Shell

vars:

• testvar1: testfile
• testvar2: testfile2

  1

  2

  3

  vars:

• testvar1: testfile
• testvar2: testfile2

在定义变量时，还能够以类似"属性"的方式定义变量，示例如下

---

• hosts: test70

  remote_user: root

  vars:

  nginx:

  conf80: /etc/nginx/conf.d/80.conf

  conf8080: /etc/nginx/conf.d/8080.conf

  tasks:

  • name: task1

    file:

    path: "{{nginx.conf80}}"

    state: touch

  • name: task2

    file:

    path: "{{nginx.conf8080}}"

    state: touch

---

• hosts: test70

  remote_user: root

  vars:

  nginx:

  conf80: /etc/nginx/conf.d/80.conf

  conf8080: /etc/nginx/conf.d/8080.conf

  tasks:

  • name: task1

    file:

    path: "{{nginx.conf80}}"

    state: touch

  • name: task2

    file:

    path: "{{nginx.conf8080}}"

    state: touch

    如上例所示，我定义了两个变量，两个变量的值对应两个nginx配置文件路径

当我们需要引用这两个变量时，有两种语法可用

语法一

Shell

"{{nginx.conf80}}"

1

"{{nginx.conf80}}"

语法二

Shell

"{{nginx['conf8080']}}"

1

"{{nginx['conf8080']}}"

而在上述后面的示例中引用变量时，变量被引用时如下，处于"开头的位置"

Shell

path: "{{nginx.conf80}}"

1

path: "{{nginx.conf80}}"

这种情况下，我们引用变量时必须使用双引号引起被引用的变量，否则会报语法错误

"vars"关键字和"vars_files"关键字可以同时使用，如下

Shell

vars:

• conf90: /etc/nginx/conf.d/90.conf

  vars_files:

• /testdir/ansible/nginx_vars.yml

  vars:

• conf90: /etc/nginx/conf.d/90.conf

  vars_files:

• /testdir/ansible/nginx_vars.yml